Below, you will find a comprehensive list of animals, plants, fungi, and algae identified from the Gray Fossil Site. Click an entry to see an expanded view of what we've found.

The "ƚ" symbol signifies that the species is currently extinct.

INVERTEBRATES

• Mollusks

  Pea clams (Genus Pisidium)
  Land snails (Family Haplotrematidae)
• Crustaceans

  Ostracods (Genus Heterocypris)
  (Genus Candona)
• Insects

  Weevils (Superfamily Curculionoidea)
  Wood-boring beetles (Family Buprestidae)
  Ground beetles (Family Carabidae)
  Dung beetles (Family Scarabaeidae)

VERTEBRATES

• Fish

  Freshwater sunfish (Family Centrarchidae)
• Frogs and Toads

  Toads (Genus Bufo)
  Tree frogs (Genus Hyla)
  Chorus frogs (Genus Pseudacris)
  “True” frogs (Genus Rana)
  Spadefoot toads (Genus Scaphiopus)
• Salamanders

  Tiger salamanders (Genus Ambystoma)
  Dusky salamanders (Genus Desmognathus)
  Woodland salamanders (Genus Plethodon)
  Newts (Genus Notophthalmus)
• Turtles

  Slider turtles (*New species* Trachemys haugrudi) ƚ
  Painted turtles (*New species* Chrysemys corniculata) ƚ
  Musk turtles (*New species* Sternotherus palaeodorus) ƚ
  aka “Old Stinky”
  Snapping turtles (Genus Chelydra)
  Pond turtles (Genus Emys/Emydoidea)
  Box turtles (Genus Terrapene)
  Tortoises (Genus Hesperotestudo) ƚ
  Softshell turtles (Family Trionychidae)
• Lizards

  Beaded lizards (Genus Heloderma)
  Skinks (Family Scincidae)
  Glass lizards (Subfamily Anguinae)
• Crocodilians

  Alligators (Genus Alligator)
• Snakes

  Zilant snakes (*New species* Zilantophis schuberti) ƚ
  Hognose snakes (*New species* Heterodon meadi) ƚ
  Rat snakes (Genus Pantherophis)
  Bull snakes (Genus Pituophis)
  Coachwhips (Genus Masticophis)
  Worm snakes (Genus Carphophis)
  Ring-necked snakes (Genus Diadophis)
  Hooknose snakes (Genus Gyalopion)
  Garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)
  Water snakes (Genus Nerodia)
  Vipers (Family Viperidae)
  Boas (Family Boidae)
• Birds

  Ducks (Genus Aix and Anas)
  Geese (Genus Nettapus)
  Sandpipers (Genus Scolopax)
  Cuckoos (Genus Coccyzus)
  Hawks (Genus Accipiter)
  Pygmy owls (Genus Glaucidium)
  Quails (Family Odontophoridae)
  Pheasants or Turkeys (Family Phasianidae)
  Rails (Family Rallidae)
  Icterids (Family Icteridae)
  Flycatchers (Family Tyrannidae)
  Parrots or Parakeets (Family Psittacidae)
• Even-toed Hoofed Mammals (Artiodactyls)

  Camels (Family Camelidae)
  Giraffe-deer (Genus Pediomeryx) ƚ
  Peccaries (Species Prosthenops serus) ƚ
  (Species Mylohyus elmorei) ƚ
• Odd-toed Hoofed Mammals (Perissodactyls)

  Tapirs (Species Tapirus polkensis) ƚ
  aka Polk’s dwarf tapir
  Barrel-chested rhinos (*New species* Teleoceras aepysoma) ƚ
  Horses (Species Cormohipparion emsliei) ƚ
• Elephants (Proboscideans)

  Mastodons (Genus Mammut) ƚ
• Sloths

  Ground sloths (Family Megalonychidae) ƚ
• Carnivorans

  Red pandas (*New species* Pristinailurus bristoli) ƚ
  aka Bristol’s Appalachian panda
  Woodland badgers (*New species* Arctomeles dimolodontus) ƚ
  Wolverines (*New species* Gulo sudorus) ƚ
  Skunks (Species Buisnictis breviramus) ƚ
  Ringtails (Genus Bassariscus)
  Short-faced bears (Genus Plionarctos) ƚ
  Bone-crushing dogs (Genus Borophagus) ƚ
  Sabertooth cats (Subfamily Machairodontinae) ƚ
• Bats

  Big brown bats (Genus Eptesicus)
  Tricolored bat (Genus Perimyotis)
• Moles

  Hairy-tailed moles (*New species* Parascalops grayensis) ƚ
  Desmans (*New species* Magnatalpa fumamons) ƚ
  Shrew-moles (Genus Neurotrichus)
  Other extinct moles (Genus Mioscalops) ƚ
• Shrews

  Long-tailed shrews (Genus Sorex)
  Short-tailed shrews (Genus Blarinella)
  Other extinct shrews (Genus Crusafontina) ƚ
  (Genus Paenelimneocus) ƚ
  (Genus Petenyia) ƚ
  (Genus Tregosorex) ƚ
• Rodents

  Beavers (Genus Castor)
  (Genus Dipoides) ƚ
  Flying squirrels (Genus Glaucomys)
  Giant flying squirrels (Genus Miopetaurista)
  Chipmunks (Genus Eutamias)
  Packrats (Genus Neotoma)
  Birch mice (Genus Sicista)
  Other extinct mice (Genus Antecalomys) ƚ
  (Genus Repomys) ƚ
  (Species Postcopemys reppeningi) ƚ
  (Species Symmetrodontomys daamsi) ƚ
• Rabbits

  Extinct rabbits (Species Alilepus vagus) ƚ
  (Species Notolagus lepusculus) ƚ

PLANTS

• Non-Vascular Plants

  Hornworts (Species Rudolphisporis major) ƚ
• Seedless Vascular Plants

  Adder’s Tongue Ferns (Family Ophioglossaceae)
  Clubmosses (Family Lycopodiaceae)
• Coniferous Trees and Shrubs

  Bald cypress (Genus Taxodium)
  Eastern hemlock (Species Tsuga canadensis)
  Firs (Genus Abies)
  Pines (Genus Pinus)
  Spruces (Genus Picea)
  Yews (Genus Taxus)
• Flowering Trees and Shrubs

  Alder (Genus Alnus)
  Ash (Genus Fraxinus)
  American basswood (Species Tilia americana)
  Bayberry (Family Myricaceae)
  Beech (Genus Fagus)
  Birch (Genus Betula)
  Black walnut (Species Juglans nigra)
  Bladdernut (Family Staphyleaceae)
  Cavilignum (*New species* Cavilignum pratchettii) ƚ
  Cherry/plum (Genus Prunus)
  Chestnut (Genus Castanea)
  Ebony (Genus Diospyros)
  Hackberry (Genus Celtis)
  Hazelnut (Genus Corylus)
  Hickory (*New species* Carya tennesseensis) ƚ
  Honeysuckle (Family Caprifoliaceae)
  Hornbeam (Genus Carpinus)
  Katsura (Genus Cercidiphyllum)
  Maple (Species Acer “leucoderme”) ƚ
  Oak (Genus Quercus)
  Oleaster (Genus Elaeagnus)
  Prickly-ash (Genus Zanthoxylum)
  Raspberry/Blackberry (Genus Rubus)
  Silverbell (Family Styracaceae)
  Slippery elm (Species Ulmus rubra)
  Sumac (Genus Rhus)
  Sweetgum (Species Liquidabmar styraciflua)
  Tupelos (Genus Nyssa)
  Viburnum (Genus Viburnum)
  Willow (Genus Salix)
  Wingnuts (Genus Pterocarya)
  Winterhazel (Genus Distylium)
  Witch hazel (*New species* Corylopsis grisea) ƚ
  Yaupon Holly (Species Ilex vomitoria)
• Flowering Grass-like Plants

  Bur-reed (Genus Sparganium)
  Cane/Bamboo (Genus Arudinaria)
  Restios (Species Milfordia hungarica)
  Sedges (Family Cyperaceae)
• Flowering Climbing Plants

  Creeper vines (Genus Parthenocissus)
  Grapevines (*New species* Vitis grayensis) ƚ
  (*New species* Vitis lanatoides) ƚ
  (*New species* Vitis latisculata) ƚ
  Moonseed (*New species* Sinomenium macrocarpum) ƚ
  Morning glory (Genus Ipomoea)
  Passion flower (*New species* Passiflora appalachiana) ƚ
  (*New species* Passiflora sulcatasperma) ƚ
  Sargent glory vine (Genus Sargentodoxa)
• Other Flowering Plants

  Amaranths (Family Amaranthaceae)
  Cocklebur (Genus Xanthium)
  Croton (Genus Croton)
  Dwarf mistletoe (Genus Arceuthobium)
  Evening primrose (Family Onagraceae)
  Flax (Genus Linum)
  Meadow-rue (Genus Thalictrum)
  Mustard (Family Brassicaceae)
  Pinks (Family Caryophyllaceae)
  Poison hemlock (Genus Conium)
  Pondweed (Genus Potamogeton)
  Ragweed (Genus Ambrosia)
  Smartweeds (Genus Persicaria)
  Spurge (Genus Euphorbia)
  Titi (Genus Cyrilla)
  Water hemlock (Genus Cicuta)
  Water lilies (Family Nymphaeaceae)

FUNGI

• Fungi

  Genus Callimothallus sp.
  Genus Cenococcum sp.
  Species Cephalothecoidomyces neogenicus
  Genus Trichothyrites sp.

ALGAE

• Charophyte Algae

  Species Ovoidites elongates ƚ
  Species Ovoidites grandis ƚ
  Species Ovoidites spriggii ƚ
  *New species* Stigmozygodites grayensis ƚ
  Species Stigmozygodites mediostigmosus ƚ
  Species Stigmozygodites microfoveolatoides ƚ
• Chlorophyte Algae

  Species Botryococcus braunii
  Species Tetraedron minimum
  Species Pediastrum boryanum
  Species Pediastrum integrum
  Genus Leiosphaeridia ƚ